Spatial Development of the Russian Federation and Main Directions of Environmental and Legal Support of Subsoil Use. Part 2. Problems and Practices of Environmental and Legal Support for Spatial Development of Subsoil Use
( Pp. 12-18)

This article examines the legal issues of environmental and legal support for the spatial development of subsoil use and consists of two parts. The second part of the article analyzes current legislation and law enforcement (including judicial) practice in assessing the effectiveness of legal regulation of subsoil use for underground construction. The article concludes that current regulations governing public relations in the subsoil use sector, specifically regarding the development of underground space for the types of subsoil use already defined in the Law of the Russian Federation "On Subsoil," are insufficiently effective, inconsistent with each other, often lack legal mechanisms for implementation, or contain internal contradictions or inaccuracies. The results of the study demonstrate the need to develop and approve uniform standards for the construction of underground structures not related to mining, based on the types of subsoil use and the types of these structures. The study also demonstrates the need to enshrine in current legislation the specifics of environmental and legal support for the construction and operation of these underground structures not related to mineral extraction. Furthermore, it demonstrates the need to resolve contradictions between land legislation, urban planning legislation, and subsoil legislation regarding the integrated development of underground space for the construction of underground structures of federal, regional, and local significance, both within and outside the boundaries of populated areas.

Agafonov, V.B. (2026). Spatial Development of the Russian Federation and Main Directions of Environmental and Legal Support of Subsoil Use. Part 2. Problems and Practices of Environmental and Legal Support for Spatial Development of Subsoil Use. Economic Problems and Legal Practice, 22(2), 12-18. DOI: 10.33693/2541-8025-2026-22-2-12-18. EDN: JNXJAH

Balovtsev S.V., Balovtsev P.V. Principles of the risk management system for the construction and operation of underground structures of megacities. Mining Information and Analytical Bulletin (Scientific and Technical Journal). 2011. No. S7. Pp. 120–126. (In Rus.). EDN ONBWPJ.
Vershinin V.P., Mustafaeva O.A. The development of underground spaces is a natural stage in the development of all large cities. [Electronic resource] // StroyPROFIL magazine. No. 6 (60), 2007. URL: http://old.stroi.mos.ru/nauka/d27dr7423m5.html.
Kotova O.I. Legal regulation of the development of deposits of common minerals: Abstract of a dissertation for the degree of candidate of legal sciences. 12.00.06 Natural Resource Law; Agrarian law; Environmental law. M., 2007. 29 p.
Levchenko A.N. Strategy for the development of the underground space of megacities [Electronic resource] // Construction newspaper. No. 39, 2006. Electronic resource. Access mode: http://old.stroi.mos.ru/nauka/d27dr6352m5rr6339.html.
Ponomarev M.V. Legal problems of the development and use of underground space in the spatial development of urban agglomerations. Journal of Russian Law. 2020. No. 10. Pp. 118–135. (In Rus.). DOI: 10.12737/jrl.2020.124 (www.doi.org).
Stroyev G.A. Preparation for civil defense: planning, organization, main activities. Civil Defense and Protection Against Emergency Situations in Institutions, Organizations and Enterprises. 2022. No. 4. Pp. 3–11. (In Rus.).

spatial development, scientific and technological development, subsoil use, environmental protection, environmental safety, underground space development, underground structures not related to mineral extraction, mineral resource centers..