On the Issue of the Capacity of Industrial Landscapes (Based on the Material of the Charcoal Metallurgy of the Urals of the Late XIX - Early XX Centuries)
( Pp. 76-84)

The paper attempts to apply the concept of «the capacity of the enclosing landscape» in relation to charcoal metallurgy. The object of the study was the ferrous metallurgy of the Urals in the late XIX - early XX centuries. The statistical reference books of the Mining Scientific Committee served as the source base for this study. The conducted research has shown that the charcoal metallurgy can be considered as an «enclosing landscape». In the late XIX - early XX centuries, the ferrous metallurgy of the Urals reached the limits of the capacity of its main resource - mining forests. On average, in 1882-1911. there were 20.7 workers per 1000 desyatina forests. At the same time, the density of workers gradually increased. If before 1895 there were 18.7 workers per 1000 desyatina forests, then after 1895 it was 21.9, 6% more. This growth was due to going beyond the limits of the production capabilities of the «ecological niche», since at the same time the share of mineral fuel in the energy balance increased by 6%. At the beginning of the XX century, the reduction of the forest area by 25.6% led to a reduction in the number of workers by 25.7%. The influence of the terms of trade (the ratio of prices for metal and bread) on the capacity of the ferrous metallurgy of the Urals was analyzed. The inverse relationship between the prices of bread and the number of workers per 1,000 desyatina of forest has been revealed.

Shumkin G.N., (2022), ON THE ISSUE OF THE CAPACITY OF INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPES (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF THE CHARCOAL METALLURGY OF THE URALS OF THE LATE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURIES). History and Modern Perspectives, 2 => 76-84.

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industrial landscape, landscape capacity, mining industry, Urals, ferrous metallurgy, workers.