The State of Labor Protection at Defense Enterprises in Wartime Conditions (1941-1945)
( Pp. 39-46)

Labor productivity directly depends on the conditions in which the employee works. In this sense, it is relevant to study the historical experience of the influence of external and internal factors on the level of labor safety. This article attempts to analyze the state of labor protection, the specifics of industrial injuries and cases of occupational diseases during the Great Patriotic War on the example of a number of large defense industry enterprises of the USSR. The methodological basis of the study is the theoretical concept of «working history», elements of the institutional approach are also applied. The research problem is solved by introducing into scientific circulation and analyzing a new set of historical sources extracted from the archives of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. An increase in the discrepancy between the real state of the working conditions of workers and the legislatively fixed norms of labor protection was noted. The conclusion is made about the growth of injuries and accidents in extreme conditions of war. The reasons for such a negative trend were identified: the arrival of evacuated enterprises to unprepared sites, a decrease in the financing of labor protection measures in the context of a general shortage of resources, a change in the qualitative composition of the workforce, intensification of labor, weakening control over ensuring labor safety, a decrease in the value of human life in the public opinion of military society . It is shown that inspection checks and punishments for violations of safety rules during the labor process did not introduce qualitative changes in the working conditions of workers during the war years.

Potemkina M.N., Zharkynbayeva R.S., (2022), THE STATE OF LABOR PROTECTION AT DEFENSE ENTERPRISES IN WARTIME CONDITIONS (1941-1945). History and Modern Perspectives, 2 => 39-46.

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Great Patriotic War, working conditions, labor protection, workers of industrial enterprises.