Climate Policy of the United States: Features of Evolution and the Current State
( Pp. 24-32)

The purpose of this article is to analyze the features of the formation and evolution of the US climate policy, the influence of internal and external factors on its formation and evolution. The United States is one of the main players in global climate policy. Over the past 30 years, they have held a special position in the negotiation process within the framework of the Climate Conferences of the Parties (COP). This position is characterized: the protection of their national interests, the use of market instruments and bilateral relations in the fight against global climate change. The United States insisted and continues to insist on the acceptance of voluntary commitments by all countries of the world to reduce CO2 emissions. In addition, the US position against global climate change is cyclical: under the presidency of the Democratic Party, more ambitious programs are adopted than under the Republican ones. Decisions made by the president of the country have a low legal status and can be quickly changed after the arrival of a new president. The United States is currently the world leader in the fight against climate change. President J. Biden pointed to the goals of achieving carbon neutrality in the United States by 2050 and is widely pursuing a policy of ecological transformation of the national economy, protection of ecosystems and biodiversity. However, this policy can be easily crossed out by his successor, as it already happened in 2017 during the reign of President D. Trump.

Kovalev Y.Y., (2022), CLIMATE POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES: FEATURES OF EVOLUTION AND THE CURRENT STATE. History and Modern Perspectives, 1 => 24-32.

Olson M. The logic of collective action. Public goods and group theory. M., FEI, 1995.
Arroyo V. Climate Change and US Policy/ Climate Change Policies/ Global Challenges and Future Prospects//Edited by Emilio Cerd and Xavier Labandeira. p. 267-277. 2010
A Historic Commitment to Protecting the Environment and Addressing the Impacts of Climate Change. URL: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/files/achievements/theRecord climate 0.pdf (date accessed: 23.12.2021)
Bailey C.J. US Climate Change Policy. Routledge. London, 2016 p.194
Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Muntean, M., Schaaf, E., Solazzo, E., Monforti-Ferrario, F., Olivier, J.G.J., Vignati, E. Fossil CO2 emissions of all world countries - 2020 Report Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2020. 222 P.
Edenhofer O., Jacob M. Klimapolitik: Ziele, Konflikte, L sungen. M nchen. 2019
Harris P.G. Climate Change and American Foreign Policy: An Introduction// Climate Change and American Foreign Policy. Edited by P.G. Harris. London, 2016 p.3-29
Haas C.M., Koschut S., Lammert C. Politik in den USA. Institutionen-Akteure-Themen//Verlag W. Kohlhammer. Stuttgart 2018, 173 P.
H.R. 2998 To create clean energy jobs, achieve energy independence, reduce global warming pollution and transition to a clean energy economy//US Congress//URL: https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-resolution/587/text (date accessed: 29.12.2021)
Gallagher K.S., Xuan X., Titans of the Climate. Explaining Policy Process in the United States and China. MIT, Boston, 2020
Gupta J. The History of Global Climate Governance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014
Lieblang L. Klimapolitik unter Trump. Die Rolle der Bundesstaaten am Beispiel der United States Climate Alliance. Essau. 2020. URL: https://regierungsforschung.de/klimapolitik-unter-trump (date accessed: 25.12.2021)
Lisowski, M. Playing the Two-Level Game: US President Bush s Decision to Repudiate the Kyoto Protocol. Environmental Politics 11, 4 2002 p.101-119
MacDonald G. Climate, Capital, Conflict: Geographies of Success or Failure in the Twenty-First Century//Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 110: 6, 2020 P. 2011-2031
Mauelshagen F., Lopez-Rivera A. Klima-Governance in den Americas// Peters/Rohland/Kaltmeier/Burchardt/ Schnepel (Hrsg.). Krisenklima. Umweltkonflikte aus lateinamerikanischer Perspektive//Nomos, Baden-Baden, 2021 p. 17-47
Oreskes N., Conway E.M., Shindell M. From Chicken Little to Dr. Pangloss: William Nierenberg, Global Warming, and the Social Deconstruction of Scientific Knowledge// Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 38 (1), 2008. p. 109-152.
Simonis G. Die USA//Simonis G. (Hrsg.) Handbuch Globale Klimapolitik R. Paderborn. 2017 p.334-376
USA First Nationally determined contribution//UNO//URL: https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/United 20States 20of 20America 20First/U.S.A. 20First 20NDC 20Submission.pdf (date accessed: 12.12.2021)
Thielges S., Unger C. Energiedominanz. Das Schicksal von Klimaschutz und nachhaltiger Energie in der Au enpolitik Trumps// Lukas D. Herr, Marcus M ller etl. Hrsg. // Weltmacht im Abseits. Nomos. Baden-Baden 2019 p. 215-247
Wampler R.A. U.S. Climate Change Policy in the 1980s. National Security Archive. URL: https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB536-Reagan-Bush-Recognized-Need-for-US-Leadership-on-Climate-Change-in-1980s (date accessed: 31.12.2021)

global climate change, USA, ecological transformation, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, carbon neutrality.