Objects of Nature in the System of Intellectual Property Rights
( Pp. 160-167)

The purpose of the study. In this article, the author examines the features of objects of nature that are protected results of intellectual activity, as well as the features of biomedical cellular products, which, being objects of nature, are not embedded in the system of objects of intellectual property rights. The signs of various objects of nature are analyzed: breeding achievements, strains of microorganisms, biomedical cell products, comparative characteristics of various modes of protection of such objects are carried out. The author comes to the conclusion that it is expedient to develop a unified approach to the legal regulation of all objects of nature, formulate uniform criteria for the protectability of biological objects and form a common legal regime for objects potentially corresponding to the characteristics of a biological object. It is proposed to interpret breeding activity broadly as creative activity aimed at creating new and improving existing plant varieties, animal breeds, strains of microorganisms and biomedical cell products.

Letova E.A., (2022), OBJECTS OF NATURE IN THE SYSTEM OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. Gaps in Russian Legislation, 6 => 160-167.

Sinelnikova V.N. Parts of nature as objects of civil turnover: monograph // Moscow: Printing house "Mittel Press", 2017. p. 137.
Ladochkina L.V. The concept and conditions of protection of breeding achievements. // Bulletin of the Saratov State Law Academy. № 5 (124). 2018.
Mamiofa I. E. Protection of inventions and technical progress. M.: Legal lit. 1974. p. 161.
Apolinskaya N. V. Biological objects human rights in the civil law of the Russian Federation: Dis. cand. jurid. sciences': 12.00.03. - Irkutsk, 2009.
Bogdanova E.E., Belova D.A. Artificial human reproduction: the search for an optimal model of legal regulation: Monograph. // Prospect, 2021. p. 89.
Cohen C. Selling Bits and Pieces of Humans to Make Babies: The Gift of the Magi Revisited. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 1999. p. 296.
Maleina M. N. Permitted actions with human embryos and aborted fetuses and legislative prohibitions // Laws of Russia: experience, analysis, practice. 2020. No. 5. p. 92.
Myzrov S. N., Nagorny V. A. On the issue of the material and legal status of human organs and tissues: a differentiated approach to solving the problem // Medical Law. 2014. No. 3. pp. 35-40.
Gavrilov, E. P. The principle of exhaustion of the exclusive right and the right to a selection achievement / E. P. Gavrilov // Economy and law. - 2020. - № 7(522). - P. 69-75.
Sinelnikova V. N. Exhaustion of the exclusive right to a selection achievement: theory, practice, problems // Patents and licenses. Intellectual property rights. 2020. № 4.
Belova D. A. The legal nature of the embryo in vitro // "Lex russica", 2019, No. 6 // SPS ConsultantPlus.
Agricultural biotechnology: a short course of lectures for students of the third year of the direction of training 19.03.01 Biotechnology / Comp.: E.A. Faust // Saratov State Agrarian University. - Saratov, 2016. - 76 p.

breeding achievements, results of intellectual activity, patent, criteria for legal protection, objects of nature, strains of microorganisms, biomedical cell products, biotechnological product, biological object.