Shadow Platform Economy as an Environment for Committing Export Control Crimes: An Economic and Legal Study
( Pp. 127-134)
More about authors
Guzelia F. Murtazina
Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of History and Methods of Teaching It, Associate Professor, Department of Customs
Naberezhnye Chelny State Pedagogical University; Naberezhnye Chelny Institute (branch) Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
Naberezhnye Chelny, Russian Federation; Naberezhnye Chelny, Russian Federation Rezeda G. Khairullina Cand. Sci. (Law), Associate Professor, Department of Customs
Naberezhnye Chelny Institute (branch) Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
Naberezhnye Chelny, Russian Federation
Naberezhnye Chelny State Pedagogical University; Naberezhnye Chelny Institute (branch) Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
Naberezhnye Chelny, Russian Federation; Naberezhnye Chelny, Russian Federation Rezeda G. Khairullina Cand. Sci. (Law), Associate Professor, Department of Customs
Naberezhnye Chelny Institute (branch) Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
Naberezhnye Chelny, Russian Federation
Abstract:
The article examines the shadow platform economy as an environment that generates new types of threats in the sphere of export control. The authors analyze the economic mechanisms of digital platforms that create conditions for the illicit trafficking of dual-use goods and technologies and investigate the legal aspects of qualifying the relevant crimes under Articles 189 and 226.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The methodological framework comprises a systems approach, institutional analysis, and comparative legal methods. The study identifies the main types of shadow platform structures facilitating the circumvention of export control regimes: decentralized marketplaces, cryptocurrency payment infrastructures, anonymous logistics intermediaries, and platforms for the transfer of intangible technologies. It is established that the current regulatory framework of the Russian Federation is not fully adapted to the specifics of the digital environment, in which export control subjects acquire networked, transnational, and anonymous characteristics. Measures are proposed to improve economic and legal mechanisms for combating export control crimes, considering the platform nature of modern shadow markets.
How to Cite:
Murtazina, G.F., Khairullina, R.G. (2026). Shadow Platform Economy as an Environment for Committing Export Control Crimes: An Economic and Legal Study. Economic Problems and Legal Practice, 22(1), 127-134. DOI: 10.33693/2541-8025-2026-22-1-127-134. EDN: CBQRQU
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Zvyagin M.M. Administrative and legal regulation of export control. Russian Justice. 2019. No. 6. Pp. 52–54. (In Rus.). EDN: LMIXRP.
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Klopskiy E.A., Stepanov R.G. Export control of the Russian Federation in the context of the functioning of the Eurasian Economic Union: contradictions, risks and ways of harmonization // Problems and prospects for the development of Russia: a youth look into the future. Collection of scientific articles of the 8th All-Russian Youth Scientific Conference. Kursk. 2025. Pp. 131–135. EDN: JMZYYB.
Kolmykova T.S., Kovalev P.P. Ecosystems as a global trend in the digitalization of economic space. Society: Politics, Economics, Law. 2023. No. 5 (118). Pp. 123–128. (In Rus.). EDN: HAUIXS. DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.5.17.
Mordvinov K.V., Udavikhina U.A. Cybercrime in Russia: current challenges and successful practices in the fight against cybercrime. Theoretical and Applied Jurisprudence. 2022. No. 1 (11). Pp. 83–88. (In Rus.). EDN: TPAKCF. DOI: 10.22394/2686-7834-2022-1-83-88.
Nikiforova A.A. Crimes in the Sphere of Foreign Economic Activity Committed Using Information and Telecommunication Networks as a Threat to the Economy in the 21st Century. Legal Science and Practice: Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2025. Vol. 1, No. 69. Pp. 296–298. (In Rus.). EDN: XLSZBK.
Rysina V.N. Digitalization of the Economy and Digital Technologies. Management and Business Administration. 2021. No. 1. Pp. 116–127. (In Rus.). EDN: EPEEQR. DOI: 10.33983/2075-1826-2021-1-116-127.
Selezenev R.S., Dementyev D.V. EU Sanctions against the Russian Federation in the Sphere of Export Control and Circulation of Dual-Use Goods (2014–2022). Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. 2022. Vol. 24, No. 3 (91). Pp. 349–358. (In Rus.). EDN: MWCNMC. DOI: 10.21603/2078-8975-2022-24-3-349-358.
Ulyanova V.V. Issues of Qualification of Illegal Export of Controlled Goods and Technologies from the Russian Federation. Actual Problems of Russian Law. 2015. No. 10 (59). Pp. 148–155. (In Rus.). EDN: UXMTQT DOI: 10.17803/1994-1471.2015.59.10.148-155.
Shcherbakov M.G. The Dual-Use Goods Regime as a Result of the Development of the Export Control Regime. Bulletin of the Russian Law Academy. 2020. No. 1. Pp. 65–71. (In Rus.). EDN: UUCAVF. DOI: 10.33874/2072-9936-2020-0-1-65-71.
Gawer A., Cusumano M.A. Industry Platforms and Ecosystem Innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management. 2014. Vol. 31, No. 3. Pp. 417–433.
Rochet J.-Ch., Tirole J. Platform Competition in Two-Sided Markets. Journal of the European Economic Association. 2003. Vol. 1, No. 4. Pp. 990–1029.
Keywords:
shadow platform economy, export control, dual-use goods, digital platforms, criminal liability, cryptocurrency, darknet, illegal export, economic security, legal regulation..
