International Cooperation on Combating Corruption on the Example of International Standards for Anti-Corruption Activities
( Pp. 215-220)

Purpose of the study. The article deals with international cooperation on combating corruption in the system of state (municipal) service on the example of international standards for anti-corruption activities. After all, from the point of view of a scientific approach, the effectiveness of combating corruption should be carried out on a theoretical basis and a practical component. At all stages of the development of civilization, a person tends to violate the «ten commandments» [1], in particular one of them—«do not steal». Theft and its derivative component—a bribe, as well as their highest expression—corruption, refer to the forms of human social behavior, where breakthroughs of instincts «come out»—through the barrier of prohibitions: rights, morality and religion. So, back in the Middle Ages, Dante Alighieri from the nine circles of hell placed bribe-takers in the eighth circle as a warning to all living on earth [2]. Corruption does not recognize state borders and is characteristic, albeit to varying degrees, of all states, regardless of their economic and political structure. In this connection, the international community relies on international legal regulations in the field of combating corruption: it adopted the «UN Convention against Corruption» [3], and the Russian Federation became one of the first states to sign it. In accordance with Article 5 of the Convention, the Russian Federation implements and pursues a coordinated anti-corruption policy by adopting the Federal Law «On Combating Corruption» [4], which establishes the principles and organizational and legal framework for preventing and combating corruption. There are a significant number of forms of its manifestation, however, it is obvious that, compared with the concept of «corruption» reflected in the Convention, this Law does not sufficiently differentiate the types of corruption and does not highlight non-property benefits, which makes it difficult to develop mechanisms to counter it, including in legal practice, article 20. This contributes to the development of social problems, which are also caused by a violation of state administration, leading to a loss of faith in the ability of the state to independently protect the interests of society. Research findings. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that the fight against corruption in the 21st century is caused by its transformation through political and socio-economic factors that determine the development of states. Thus, it puts their sovereignty and security at risk, often becoming a pretext for interference in their internal affairs by other states through the international community. Corruption affects the «holographic», that is, the unity and diversity of these factors that determine the internal affairs of states, which is negatively perceived by society as a reflection of their state policy. Thus, the moral foundations of society are corrupted, the «normal» development of the sphere of its material well-being is disrupted, and a crisis of confidence in the state is caused. In addition, its influence is associated with the difference in the legislation of states that contain its different definition. Nevertheless, despite this, they are based on international legal regulations—international standards for combating corruption, implementing them at the state level. In our opinion, the death penalty for corruption crimes is losing its effectiveness in the 21st century, although in some way it remains a warning factor for corruption crimes. Having analyzed the modern theoretical component of combating corruption, as well as the provisions of the Conventions, we have identified three of its constituent elements:
investigation procedure as obtaining evidence of commission of corruption crimes while respecting human rights, seizure and return of stolen funds;
measures to prevent corruption crimes through the application of various sanctions, based on the circumstances of their commission;
independence of legal institutions capable of fairly applying legislative norms and achieving the inevitability of punishment for committing corruption crimes.

Kisliy O. A., Isaeva M. A. International Cooperation on Combating Corruption on the Example of International Standards for Anti-Corruption Activities // ECONOMIC PROBLEMS AND LEGAL PRACTICE. 2023. Vol. 19. № 1. P. 215-220. (in Russ.)

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international cooperation, corruption, corruption-related crimes, legislation, anti-corruption, international anti-corruption standards..