Climate Policy in Latin America and the Caribbean
( Pp. 41-50)

The article deals with the climate policy of the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean (LA&C). The place of the region in the global structure of greenhouse gas production, their dynamics in the period 1990 - 2018 is analyzed, the relationship between the economic development of the region and the volume of GHG emissions is demonstrated. The main directions of the climate policy of the LA&C countries, the influence of political, social, and economic factors on the climate policy of individual countries are studied. Alternative ways and strategies of climate policy are shown on the example of Bolivia and Ecuador. An analysis of climate measures and conflict potential on issues of environmental modernization is given. In conclusion, the author's scheme for assessing the level of climate policy of the major states of the region according to their goals set in the framework of the Paris Agreement (UN NDC).

Kovalev Y.Y., (2022), CLIMATE POLICY IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN. History and Modern Perspectives, 3 => 41-50.

Auzan A. A. «Effect of track». The problem of dependence on the trajectory of the previous development - the evolution of hypotheses // Bulletin of the Moscow University. Series 6. Economy. 2015. No. 1. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/effekt-kolei-problema-zavisimosti-ot-traektorii-predshestvuyuschego-razvitiya-evolyutsiya-gipotez (date of access: 2.07.2020).
Mikhailova O.V. State in search of a new model of governance. Bulletin of Moscow State University Ser. 21 Management (state and society) No. 1 2013 p. 15-32.
Pimenova R.A. Social and environmental aspects of sustainable development in Latin America Bulletin of the Moscow University. Series 5. Geography. no. 6. 2006.pp. 42-45.
Alarc n P., Rocha K., Di Pietro S. Die Yasun -ITT-Initiative zehn Jahre sp ter Entwicklung und Natur in Ecuador heute// PERIPHERIE Nr. 149, 38. Jg. 2018. URL: https://doi.org/10.3224/peripherie.v38i1.03, S. 55-73 c.55 (accessed: 26.02.2022).
Crippa M., Oreggioni G. Fossil CO2 and GHG emissions of all world countries 2019. Luxembourg. 2019. 251 p.
Engel S. Katastrophen-Alarm Was tun gegen die mutwillige Zerst rung der Einheit von Menschen und Natur Gelsenkirchen, 2014.
Grabher G. The Weakness of Strong Ties: The Lock-in of Regional Development in the Ruhr Area// The Embedded Firm: on the Socioeconomics of Industrial Networks/ E. bei G. Grabher pp. 255-277 London. 1993.
J nicke M. Megatrend Umweltinnovationen. Zur kologischen Modernisierung von Wirtschaft und Staat. M nchen. 2012.
MacDonald G. Climate, Capital, Conflict: Geographies of Success or Failure in the Twenty-First Century-Annals of the American Association of Geographers 110:6 pp. 2011-2031. 2020. DOI: 10.1080/24694452.2020.1800300.
Renewables 2021. Global Status Report// UN Environment Program. Paris 2021// URL: https://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/GSR2021 Full Report.pdf (accessed:16.02.2022).
Simonis G. Handbuch Globale Klimapolitik. Paderborn. 2017.
Santos Da Silva S.R., Miralles-Wilhelm F., Mu oz-Castillo R., Clarke L.E., Braun C.J., Delgado A., et al. (2019) The Paris pledges and the energy-water-land nexus in Latin America: Exploring implications of greenhouse gas emission reductions. PLoS ONE 14(4): e 0215013. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215013 (accessed: 1.02.2022).
Svampa M. Die koterritoriale Wende in Lateinamerika. //Peters/Rohland/Kaltmeier/Burchardt/ Schnepel (Hrsg.). Krisenklima. Umweltkonflikte aus lateinamerikanischer Perspektive//Nomos, Baden-Baden, 2021 pp.49-65.
Wallbott L., Siciliano G., Lederer M. Beyond PES and REDD : Costa Rica on the way to climate-smart landscape management Ecology and Society 24(1):24. 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10476-240124 (accessed: 6.02.2022).
Flagg J.A. An Ecolaboratory for Climate Politics Costa-Rica s 2007 Carbon Neutral Pledge// The Ecolaboratory. Environmental Governance and Economic Development in Costa Rica// Robert Fletcher, Brian Dowd-Uribe, Guntra A. Aistara. University of Arizona Press 2020 pp.176-188. URL: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvxw3pvp (accessed: 22.02.2022).
Lehmann R. Erneuerbare Energien in S dmexico. Der sozial kologische Konflikt um Windenergieanlagen im Isthmus von Tehuantepec// Peters/Rohland/Kaltmeier/Burchardt/ Schnepel (Hrsg.). Krisenklima. Umweltkonflikte aus lateinamerikanischer Perspektive//Nomos, Baden-Baden, 2021 pp.113-128.
Mauelshagen F., Lopez-Rivera A. Klima-Governance in den Americas// Peters/Rohland/Kaltmeier/Burchardt/ Schnepel (Hrsg.). Krisenklima. Umweltkonflikte aus lateinamerikanischer Perspektive//Nomos, Baden-Baden, 2021 p. 17-47.
Poma M., Buen (Con) VIvir, das gute Leben f r alle. ber die Prinzipien des guten Zusammenlebens und das Paradox von Entwicklung// Anders Wachsen //Becker M., Reinicke M (Hrsg.)//M nchen 2018.
Octaviano C. et al. Climate change policy in Brazil and Mexico: Results from the MIT EPPA model / Energy Economics 56, 2016 600-614 R. 603.

global climate change, climate policy, Latin America and the Caribbean, environmental modernization, mother-earth.