EU Sustainable Development Policy: formation, actors, prospects
( Pp. 82-91)

The purpose of this article is to analyze the features of the formation and evolution of the EU sustainable development policy, to assess the influence of internal and external actors on its formation. The European Union is one of the main actors in the global sustainability policy. His current policy in this area has been shaped over the past 50 years. The ecological crisis gave an impetus to the formation of an environmental protection policy, the development of the discourse of the “quality of life” of the population, which gradually transformed into a modern strategy for the sustainable development of the region based on green technologies. The current EU sustainability policy (taking on the features of global politics) comes down to a policy of environmental modernization - a transition to a new level of technological development of the social system, without a radical transformation of existing social institutions. The main stages of the establishment and development of the EU sustainable development policy are reflected in the EU Environmental Action Programs. In the period 1973-2020, seven such programs were adopted by the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers of the EU. An analysis of the Environmental Action Programs reveals three stages in the development of the EU's sustainable development policy. In the first phase of development (1972-1992), political actions were aimed at minimizing the negative effects of economic growth. In the second phase (1992-2012), the EU's environmental policy was heavily influenced by the UN Sustainable Development Documents adopted at the UN Conference in Rio de Janeiro. Environmental economic growth is becoming the dominant idea of sustainable development. Since 2012, sustainable development policies have been heavily influenced by the concepts of a green economy and environmental transformation. The European Commission plays a key role in shaping and implementing sustainable development policies. The European Parliament and the Council of Ministers of the EU carry out deliberative and legislative functions. Their activities are greatly influenced by diverse groups of actors who pursue their own goals.

Kovalev Y.Y., (2020), EU SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICY: FORMATION, ACTORS, PROSPECTS. History and Modern Perspectives, 1 => 82-91.

Dzhekson T. Protsvetanie bez rosta. Ekonomika dlya planety s ogranichennymi resursami. M.: AST-Press, 2013. 289 c.
Kaveshnikov N. Metody upravleniya v Evropeyskom Soyuze //Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. - 2015. - № 8. - S. 49-60
Razvitie i mezhdunarodnoe ekonomicheskoe sotrudnichestvo: problemy okruzhayushchey sredy. Doklad Vsemirnoy komissii po voprosam okruzhayushchey sredy i razvitiya. Elektronnyy resurs . URL: https://www.un.org/ru/ga/pdf/brundtland.pdf (data obrashchenie 15.12.2019)
Bemmann M., Metzger B. kologische Modernisierung. Zur Geschichte und Gegenwart eines Konzepts in Umweltpolitik und Sozialwissenschaften. Campus Verlag. Frankfurt/ New York 2014. 325 p.
Beschluss Nr. 1600/2002/EG des Europ ischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 22. Juli2002 ber das sechste Umweltaktionsprogramm der Europ ischen Gemeinschaft. Electronic resource URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/TXT/PDF (accessed: 06.012.2019)
Bohn C., Fuchs D., Kerkhoff A., M ller C.J.Gegenwart und Zukunft sozial- kologischer Transformation. Nomos. Baden-Baden. 2019 193 r.
Climate Action Network Europe. European NGO coalition on climate and energy Electronic resource . URL: http://www.caneurope.org/about-us (accessed: 06.05.2019)
Communication on the European Green Deal. Electronic resource . URL: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/basics /green-economy/index en.htm. (accessed: 07.12.2019)
Declaration of the Council of the European Communities and of the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States Meeting in the Council of 22 November 1973 on the Programme of Action of the European Communities on the Environment. Electronic resource . URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content (accessed: 08.12.2019)
Decision No. 1386/2013/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 November 2013 on a General Union Environment Action Programme to 2020 Living well, within the limits of our planet . Electronic resource . URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML (accessed: 10.12.2019)
Entschlie ung des Rates der Europ ischen Gemeinschaften und der in Rat Vereinigten Vertreter der Regierungen der Mitgliedstaaten vom 19. Oktober 1987 zur Fortschreibung und Durchf hrung einer Umweltpolitik und eines Aktionsprogramms der Europ ischen Gemeinschaften f r den Umweltschutz (1987-1992). Electronic resource . URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/TXT/PDF/ (accessed: 20.12.2019)
EU climate action. Electronic resource . URL: https://ec.europa.eu /clima/policies/eu-climate-action en (accessed: 02.01.2020)
Europ isches Parlament. Electronic resource . URL: https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/institutions-bodies/european-parliament de (accessed: 20.12.2019)
H nem rder K.F. Die Fr hgeschichte der globalen Umweltkrise und die Formierung der deutschen Umweltpolitik (1950-1973). Stuttgart. Franz Steiner Verlag. 2004. 387 p.
Knill C. Europ ische Umweltpolitik. Steuerungsprobleme und Regulierungsmuster in Mehrebenensystem. VS Verlag f r Sozialwissenschaften. Wiesbaden. 2008. 240 p.
Meyer J.-H. B rgerschaftliches Engagement ber Grenzen Europ ische Umweltpolitik und transnationale Vernetzung von Umweltgruppen in den 1970er Jahren//Nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung. Infrastrukturen, Akteure, Diskurse. Jens Ivo Engels, Nina Janich, Jochen Monstadt, Dieter Schott (Hg.) Campus Verlag. Frankfurt/ New York. 2017 p. 52-71
Resolution of the Council of the European Communities and of the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States Meeting The Council of 17 May 1977 on the continuation and implementation of a European Community policy and action programme on the environment. Electronic resource . URL: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/634c0a49-1819-47d4-9950-2908f0da613d/language-en (accessed: 06.12.2019)
Resolution of the Council and the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States, meeting within the Council of 1 February 1993 on a Community programme of policy and action in relation to the environment and sustainable development. Electronic resource . URL:https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/ (accessed: 14.12.2019)
Rifkin J. Der Globale Green New Deal. Campus Verlag. Frankfurt/ New York. 2019. 319 p.
Simonis G. Nandbuch Globale Klimapolitik. Utb. Paderborn. 2017. 555 p.
Umwelt Direcktoria. Electronic resource . URL: https://ec.europa.eu /dgs/environment/index en.htm (accessed: 28.12.2019)
World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). Electronic resource . URL: https://www.wbcsd.org /Overview/About-us (accessed: 27.12.2019)
1,2 Milliarden Euro f r null Transparenz//Spiegel. Electronic resource . URL: https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/eu-kommission-finanziert-ihre-eigenen-kritiker-a-1141392.html (accessed: 30.12.2019)

EU, environmental protection policy, sustainable development, green economy, environmental modernization, postgrowth.