«Medical Television»: Historical Stage of Scientific and Technical Development of the Telecommunications in Medicine (1930-1960)
( Pp. 115-122)

In the middle of the 20th century, television technologies found their application in various fields of medical science and practice, in particular in instrumental diagnostics and radiology. Interactive teleconferences have become the technical basis for distant consultations (medical videoconferencing). The emergence of two-way exchange of video and audio information in real time preceded by the period of one-way television communication (so-called «medical television»). Objective: to identify, systematize and comparatively study the patterns of development of scientific and practical knowledge related to the use of one-way television technologies in medicine. The «medical television» used in medicine in the period of 1930-1960s to organize closed (non-public) broadcasts for educational purposes. The use of «medical television» in European countries was discrete. In the United States, the use of «medical television» was purely applied, but it was very large-scale. Television broadcasts have become an indispensable component of professional conferences and congresses. In the USSR, the scientific and technical development of «medical television» followed the path of intrahospital broadcasts only. A distinctive feature was a number of development and research works in the 1950s-1960s for creation of specialized television equipment and the scientific substantiation of the requirements for the parameters of the broadcast image. Developed equipment was mass-produced. The technologies of «medical television» were introduce into the activities of medical educational institutions for the routine teaching of surgical disciplines in the USSR, USA, Great Britain, France, etc.

Vladzymyrskyy A.V., (2022), «MEDICAL TELEVISION»: HISTORICAL STAGE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN MEDICINE (1930-1960). History and Modern Perspectives, 3 => 115-122.

Aksenov B.N., Kuz'min B.A. Experience in the use of color television for the transmission of images of surgical operations // Vestnik hirurgii im. I.I. Grekova = Grekov's Bulletin of Surgery. 1959. Vol.82, №4. P. 3-10. [in Russ.]
Vladzymyrskyy A.V. History of the scientific rationale of the «telemedicine» concept: professor K.T. Bird’s research group contribution. Istorija i sovremennoe mirovozzrenie = History and Modern Perspectives. 2022. N2. P. 95-103. Doi: 10.33693/2658-4654-2022-4-2-95-103. [in Russ.]
Voronov A.A., Bykov R.E. Use of color television to demonstrate surgical procedures // Vestnik hirurgii im. I.I. Grekova = Grekov's Bulletin of Surgery. 1959. Vol. 82, №4. P. 11-16. [in Russ.]
Gorshkov S.Z. Modern achievements of television in the surgical clinic // Hirurgija = Surgery. 1961. Vol. 37, №12. P. 119-121. [in Russ.]
Karavanov A.G., Revis V.A. The use of an industrial television installation (PTU-3) for television broadcasts from the operating room // Hirurgija = Surgery. 1961. Vol. 37, №1. P. 128-130. [in Russ.]
Boro C.J., Mead B.T. A Century of Teaching and Healing, 1892-1992. The First One Hundred Years of the Creighton University School of Medicine. Omaha, NE: Creighton University School of Medicine; 1991.
Carroll W.W. Medical television. Q Bull Northwest Univ Med Sch. 1949; 23(2):207-14.
Castle C.H. Open-circuit television in postgraduate medical education // J Med Educ. 1963 Apr; 38:254-60.
Delcros G. Limits and possibilities of television in the education of physicians and medical students // Concours Med. 1951 Sep 22; 73(38):3157-60.
DeBakey M. Telemedicine has now come of age // Telemedicine Journal. 1995. Vol.1, N1. 19-30.
Elsom K.A., Roll G.F. Color television as a new medical-teaching aid; report of two and one-half years experience // J Am Med Assoc. 1951 Dec 15; 147(16):1550-4.
Flory LE. The television microscope // Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1951; 16:505-9.
Hague J.E., Crosby E.L. Television, Newest Aid in Teaching Surgery // Mod Hosp. 1948 Apr; 70(4):65-7.
Kalba K.K. Communicable Medicine: Cable Television and HealthServices. New York: Alfred P. Sloan Foundation,1971. 57 r.
Lafay F.A. The University of Aix-Marseille color television retransmission of surgical procedures // Presse Med. 1958 Nov 29; 66(84):1901-2
Lafay F. (A) Color television in the H pital Cochin in Paris // Presse Med. 1965 Nov 6; 73(47):2712.
Lamy J. La consultation t l vis e dans le service de clinique chirurgicale de l H tel-Dieu Marseille // Techniques hospitalieres.1960. N173. P. 67-68.
McCarthy H.H., Johnson A.C., et al. Television in medical teaching // Hosp Prog. 1948 Jan; 29(1):5-7.
Moore P., vonLeden H. Television in otolaryngology and other specialities; a new teaching device // J Am Med Assoc. 1959 Apr 25; 169(17):1976-80.
Murray S. The New Surgical Amphitheater: Color Television and Medical Education in Postwar America // Technol Cult. 2020; 61(3):772-797. doi: 10.1353/tech.2020.0073.
Park B. An Introduction to Telemedicine; Interactive Television for Delivery of Health Services. New York Univ., N.Y. Alternate Media Center, 1974. 265 p.
Potts A.M., Brown M.C. A color television ophthalmoscope // Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1958 Jan-Feb; 62(1):136-7.
Ruedemann A.D. Use of Television in Medicine // Cleve Clin Q. 1947 Jul; 14(3):145.
Schafer P.W. (A) The Kansas television experiment // J Am Med Assoc. 1953 Jun 6; 152(6):554-7.
Terzi I. Didactic television in obstetrical and gynecological clinics // Minerva Ginecol. 1955 Jan 15; 7(1):1-4.
Trimble I.R., Reese F.M. The Use of Television in Surgical Operations // Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1947 Sep; 81(3):186-91.
Warner R.S. New audio-visual methods in postgraduate medical education // J Biol Photogr Assoc. 1954 Nov; 22(4):150-60.

television, history of telecommunications, telemedicine, distance learning, surgery.