National Operations of the NKVD 1937–1938: German, Polish and Harbin
( Pp. 129-135)

The article analyzes three main national operations of the period 1937-1938: German, Polish and Harbin. Based on published materials and historical sources introduced into scientific circulation, the reasons for the beginning of the operations are studied, the circle of people subject to repression is identified and the charges brought against them are examined. The author comes to the conclusion about the harmful activities of the German, Polish and Japanese special services in relation to the USSR, and also about the fact that some repressed Soviet citizens had direct or indirect connections with these countries. The main measures of punishment for these people were long-term imprisonment or the death penalty, and in relation to members of their families — the eviction of cities and the distribution of children to orphanages and special shelters.

Lubnin A. S. National Operations of the NKVD 1937-1938: German, Polish and Harbin // HISTORY AND MODERN PERSPECTIVES. 2024. Vol. 6. № 4. P. 129-135. (in Russ.) DOI: 10.33693/2658-4654-2024-6-4-129-135. EDN: EPSLBZ

Bakunin A. V. Stalin's modernization of the Urals. // Ural in the past and present. Materials of the scientific conference P. 1. — Ekaterinburg: Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1998. — P. 367–392.
Bakunin A. V. Repressive policy of the Soviet totalitarian regime // History of repressions in the Urals in the years of Soviet power. Theses of the scientific conference. — Ekaterinburg: UrSU Publishing House, 1994. — P. 7–9.
Chevardin A. V. Poles and Polish citizens in the Sverdlovsk region in 1939–1948. — Ekaterinburg: UrSU Publishing House, 2010. — 224 p.
Chevardin A. V. To the question of the existence in the Urals “Polish Military Organization (PMO) in the 1930s // Ural Industrial. Bakunin Readings: Proceedings of the V Regional Scientific Conference, December 2002 — Ekaterinburg: UrFU Publishing House, 2003. — P. 380–382.
Conquest R. The Great Terror. — Riga: Rakstineks, 1991. — 414 p.
Demakov I. N. National composition of the repressed in 1937-1938 years residents of the Sverdlovsk region (on the documents of GAAOOSO). // Conference of National Communities to the 75th Anniversary of the Terror of 1937 in Yekaterinburg. — Yekaterinburg: GAAOOSO, 2012. — P. 2–7.
Guryanov A. E., Petrov N. V., Roginsky A. B. Repressions against Poles and Polish citizens. — Moscow: Zveny, 1997. — 256 p.
Krivenko S. V., Prudovsky S. B. Statistics of national operations of the NKVD in 1937 — 1938. — Moscow: NIPC Memorial, 2021. — 49 p.
Motrevich V. P. Convicted German-born women in the Sverdlovsk region (on the materials of archival and investigative cases). // Men and women in the migration processes of the past and present: materials of the XII International Scientific Conference RAIZhI. P. 2. — Kaliningrad: BFU, 2019. — P. 175–178.
Motrevich V. P. Political emigrants from Germany in the Sverdlovsk region (on the materials of archival and investigative cases). // Electronic supplement to the Russian Law Journal (VAK article). — Ekaterinburg: Russian Law Journal, 2020. — P. 45–53
Motrevich V. P. The fate of the prisoners of war of the First World War who remained in the USSR (on the materials of GAAOOSO). // Electronic supplement to the Russian Law Journal No. 3. — Yekaterinburg: Russian Law Journal, 2019. — P. 89–91.
Petrov N. В. «Carry out repressions in the amount approved by the Central Committee» How Stalin destroyed small peoples — M.: Novaya Gazeta, 2021, No. 137. P. 22.
Werth N. Mass secret operation NKVD №04447 (August 1937 — November 1938) — Paris: Sciences Po Press, 2010 — P. 1–11.
Zemskov V. N. The scale of political repressions in the USSR (truths and speculations). // Proceedings of the Institute of Russian History. Issue 10. — M.: Russian Academy of Sciences, 2012. — P. 303–318.
Zhemkova E. A., Roginsky A. B. Between Sympathy and Indifference — Rehabilitation of Victims of Soviet Repressions. — Moscow: NIPC Memorial, 2016. — 25 p.

USSR, NKVD, repressions, German operation, Polish operation, Harbin operation..