Development of Silicon Detectors and Electronic Units for Radiometer Alpha-, Betaand Gamma-radiation
( Pp. 45-52)

Spectrometry of nuclear radiation using semiconductor detectors (SPDs) originated in the early 1960s. Of all the tasks of nuclear radiation spectrometry, the most urgent is the creation of specialized instruments for scientific research and experiments. With the improvement of PPD manufacturing technology, new opportunities for improving the operational parameters of PPDs appear, and the range of tasks solved with their help is expanding. The article describes a special manufacturing technology for a silicon detector with a large sensitive area and working volume, as well as radiometers based on them. The developed technology for the manufacture of detectors ensures the minimum thickness of the “input” and “output” windows, which is important for measuring low-energy particles and allows measurements in 2π-geometry. In world practice, such detectors are rarely used. The paper presents the structure and block diagram of the developed radiometric device based on large detectors for rapid measurement of low-intensity radiation of radioactive elements. Detectors are developed taking into account the planned physical experiments and are manufactured for certain types of radiometers to perform a specific task. The developed device is designed to measure the volumetric activity of radon alpha radiation and the activity of beta and gamma radiation of natural isotopes (238U, 234U, 232Th, 226Ra, 222Rn, 218Po, 214Bi, etc.) in various media. The device is mobile, compact and safe, and can be used both in the field and stationary. The article presents the results of a study of the activities of alpha, beta and gamma radiation of soil air from a well 1.5 m deep. on the territory of one of the foothill regions of the republic. Measurements are taken in real time, online and the data is displayed on a computer monitor.

Radzhapov S.A., Nurboev K.M., Mullagalieva F.G., Zufarov M.A., Radzhapov B.S., Ergashev K.E., (2022), DEVELOPMENT OF SILICON DETECTORS AND ELECTRONIC UNITS FOR RADIOMETER ALPHA-, BETAAND GAMMA-RADIATION. Computational Nanotechnology, 3 => 45-52.

Muminov R.A., Radzhapov S.A., Тоshmurodov Yo.К., Radzhapov B.S. Detectors of x-ray and gamma radiation on the basis of Al-nGe-pSi-Au structure. Computational Nanotechnology. 2017. No. 3. Pp. 27-28. (In Rus.)
Muminov R.A., Radzhapov S.A., Mullagalieva F.G. et al. Development of high sensitivity detectors of large sizes based on the α-Si-p-i-n heterostructures for radonometers. Atomic Energy. 2021. Vol. 131. No. 6. Pp. 344-346. (In Rus.)
Radiological protection against exposure to radon. Moscow: FGBU GNTs FMBTs im. A.I. Burnazyan FMBA of Russia, 2015.
Krisyuk E.M. Levels and consequences of public exposure. About 90% of the dose of inhalation exposure is due to the inhalation of the daughter products of radon isotopes in indoor air and atmospheric air. ANRI. 2002. No. 1 (28). Pp. 4-12. (In Rus.)
Karpin V.A., Kostryukova N.K., Gudkov A.B. Radiation impact on humans of radon and its daughter products. Hygiene and Sanitation. 2005. No. 4. Pp. 13-17. (In Rus.)
Trifonova T.A., Shirkin L.A. Assessment of radiation hazard from radon exposure in the premises of urban buildings. Safety of Life. 2004. No. 5. Pp. 43-48. (In Rus.)
Yafasov A.Ya. Si(Li)-p-i-n detectors with an area of 60 cm2. Atomic Energy. 1986. No. 2. Pp. 62-66. (In Rus.)
Dirnley J., Nortron D., Semiconductor counters of nuclear radiation. Moscow: Mir, 1966. Pp. 17, 76-77.
Azimov S.A., Muminov R.A., Yafasov A.Ya. In collection of articles: Dynamic characteristics of inhomogeneous semiconductor structures. Tashkent: FAN, 1975. Pp. 58-101.
Radzhapov S.A., Rakhimov R.Kh., Radzhapov B.S., Zufarov M.A. Silicon-lithium ΔΕ-detectors of alpha radiation for the radiometer. Computational Nanotechnology. 2019. No. 2. Pp. 157-159. (In Rus.)
Muminov R.A., Radzhapov S.A., Saimbetov A.K. Developing Si(Li) nuclear radiation detectors by pulsed electric field treatment // Technical Physics Letters. 2009. Vol. 35. No. 8. Pp. 768-769.
Radzhapov S.A., Rakhimov R.Kh., Radzhapov B.S. et al. Development of a radiometer based on silicon detectors with a large sensitive area. Computational Nanotechnology. 2019. No. 1. Pp. 65-68. (In Rus.)
Kuttybay N.B., Muminov R.A., Nurgaliyev M.K. et al. Physical features of double sided diffusion of lithium into silicon for large size detectors // Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics. 2019. Vol. 11. No. 2. P. 02031 (4Pp).
Radzhapov S.A., Radzhapov B.S., Rakhimov R.Kh. Features of the technology for the manufacture of silicon surface-barrier detectors with a large sensitive working area for measuring the activity of natural isotopes. Computational Nanotechnology. 2018. No. 1. Pp. 151-154. (In Rus.)
Radzhapov S.A., Rakhimov R.Kh., Radzhapov B.S., Zufarov M.A. Calculation of the stages of the technological process of manufacturing SCD detectors using computer mathematical modeling and manufacturing an alpha radiometer based on them. Computational Nanotechnology. 2020. Vol. 7. No. 2. Pp. 21-28. DOI: 10.33693/2313-223X-2020-7-2-21-28. (In Rus.)
Useful model.RU 120 783 U1, G01T 1/67. Device for radiometric analysis of soil air samples / Andreev A.I., Chekunaev V.V. 27.09.2012.
Patent of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. IAR 04882. Devices for measuring the volumetric activity of radon in the air / Muminov R.A., Radzhapov S.A., Lutpullaev S.L., Pindyurin Yu.S., Khusamidinov S.S., Yutkin S.V.
Utility model of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. FA 20210216. Device for measuring the volumetric activity of radon in air, water and soil / Muminov R.A., Radzhapov S.A., Radzhapov B.S.
Muminov R.A., Radzhapov S.A., Mullagalieva F.A. et al. Development of high-efficiency silicon detectors and electronic components for radiometer of alpha radiation // Instruments and Experimental Techniques. 2021. Vol. 64. No. 3. Rp. 444-449.
Radzhapov B.S., Ergashev K.E. Program for microcontroller of radon and radium radiometer. Certificate for software products of the Republic of Uzbekistan. No. DGU 20180983, dated 06.12.2018.
Yafasov A.Ya., Yafasov A.A. Radon fields in Central Asia. ANRI. 2003. No. 3 (34). Pp. 13-17. (In Rus.)
Yafasov A.Ya., Akimov V.A., Mullagalieva F.G. Influence of tectonic anomalies on the behavior of radon in the environment. Materials of the conference “Radon-2000”. Pushchino, April 17-20, 2000. Pp. 18-20.
Bobonarov N.S., Goldstein R.I., Makarov P.V. Problems of radon hazard of cities located in the foothill regions of Uzbekistan. ANRI. 1996/97. No. 3 (9). Pp. 92-96. (In Rus.)
Miklyaev P.S., Ziangirov R.S., Petrova T.B. Influence of features of the geological environment on radon hazard in cities. City and Geological Hazards: Materials of the International. Conf., 17-21 Apr. 2006. St. Petersburg: VNIIG, 2006. Pp. 247-252.
Yafasov A.Ya., En Z., Akimov V.A. Variations radon concentration in Tashkent subway stations // Proc. of the Third Intern. Conf. Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics . Bukhara, 23-27 August 1999. Pp. 226-227.

silicon, alpha, beta and gamma radiation, amplifier, computer mathematical modeling, radiometer, semiconductor detectors, microcircuit, charge sensitive amplifier, microcontroller.