International legal aspects of cooperation between states on combating any forms of violence against children: Germany
( Pp. 380-385)

Aim. The article was prepared within the project of the Russian State Science Foundation No.16-03-00467/16. The present research has its aim to analyze international legal framework for cooperation of States in combating child abuse in the contemporary international law. Approaches, designed to fulfill provisions of the basic international legal documents adopted on universal and regional levels in the distinguished area, are examined in the article. First of all, it touches the UN Convention on the rights of the child 1989 and the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of children against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse 2007. Mechanisms developed to implement States’ obligations under these documents are also a subject of analysis, besides from the conventions themselves. The practice of the Federal Republic of Germany is used in order to evaluate the activity of the distinguished mechanisms and ascertain their effect on the fulfillment of States’ obligations. This article examines the problem from the point of domestic violence and sexual abuse against children. Questions of combating violence against children have been raised by foreign scholars, such as van Bueren, Cullen H., Kydd W., Kilkelly U., Lindhorst T. and Edleson J.L., Meyersfeld B., Mower A.G., Hyder T. and MacVeigh J. Certain aspects of the problem of violence against children were a subject for research by Russian scholars: Alexeeva L.S., Safuanova O.V., Girfanov R.M., Kalinkina M.U. and others. With that the international legal aspects of campaigns against child abuse have not been a subject of a separate and comprehensive research. Methodology. In the frames of the present research general (in particular, dialectical) and special methods of scientific knowledge were used. Rather-legal analysis (special method) allows to determine elements uniting and separately characterizing the functioning of mechanisms in the sphere of violence against children on the universal and regional levels with the aim of determining their effectiveness; the systematic approach (particular method) was used with the aim of analysis and research of the problem in correlation and accumulation of all its aspects; apart from those distinguished, the general-logical methods, such as analysis, synthesis, deduction, functional and historicism methods were applied. Results. Cooperation against child abuse in all its forms today occupy a very prominent part of the inter-State relationship; a considerable amount of documents with the aim of combating domestic, scholastic, sexual and other forms of violence against children are currently adopted on international legal level; the UN Convention on the rights of the Child 1989 and the Committee on the rights of the child, established under it, hold the first place on the universal level; the Committee’s experience allows to formulate recommendations with the goal of fastening “the best practices” in fighting violence against children; concluding observations, the Committee issues after examining a State’s report, are based on information , provided by non-governmental organizations, which helps building a more objective picture of how States fulfill their international legal obligations; not only developing, but the developed European States experience substantial difficulties in eradication of all forms of violence against children, which the example of Germany confirms; adoption of legislation entirely prohibiting any forms of violence against children is indeed a positive step, but complex measures aimed at rejection by the society of child abuse and measures that ensure a consequent fulfillment of the norms of national legislation in these sphere need to be taken; certain regional treaties are also aimed at combating violence against children generally, just as with its specific forms, such as, for instance, Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of children against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse 2007; the Committee of the Parties, established under this treaty, is a monitoring body which activity is helps eradicating sexual violence against children. Despite States’ (e.g. Germany) efforts combating child abuse, this problem is still acute and requires the international community to take additional measures and elaborate new approaches. Possibility of future use of the results of scientific work. Results elaborated by the present study may be used by the further scientific researches in the distinguished sphere, drafting of scientific courses, programs, textbooks in educational institutions. The practical significance. Results developed by this research may be taken into account for elaboration of acts of national legislation, acts of other State’s organs in the examined sphere with the purpose of raising the effectiveness of fulfillment of the obligations of the Russian Federation to combat violence against children. Value. Results and conclusions made in the current study may be useful for States’ organs and non-governmental human rights organizations of the Russian Federation engaged in the activities in the distinguished sphere, just as other interested subjects.

Banis P.A., Ilyashevich M.V., (2016), INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ASPECTS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN STATES ON COMBATING ANY FORMS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN: GERMANY. Gaps in Russian Legislation, 8 => 380-385.

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international human rights law, the rights of the child, domestic violence, sexual violence, The Convention on the rights of the child 1989, The UN Committee on the rights of the child, The Council of Europe Convention on the protection of children against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse 2007, The Committee Lanzarote.