Russia, China, and Turkey Integration Processes in Central Asia
( Pp. 146-152)

The purpose of the research. The article discusses changes in world politics associated with the strengthening of the role of new international organizations and structures, such as BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). These organizations are becoming key elements of the emerging multipolar system of international relations, offering alternative approaches to solving global problems and contributing to the strengthening of cooperation between the countries of the Global South and the East. Particular attention is paid to Russia’s active participation in these structures, which emphasizes its importance in the formation of a new world order. The results of the XVI BRICS Summit in Kazan, the prospects for the integration of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) with BRICS and the SCO, as well as the challenges associated with the implementation of these ambitious goals are analyzed. The article also discusses the role of Asia in the new world order and the impact of the decisions of individual countries, such as Kazakhstan, on integration processes. Results. As a result of the conducted research, the authors come to the conclusion that BRICS and SCO are becoming key elements of the emerging multipolar system of international relations. The associations offer an alternative approach to solving international problems based on the principle of inclusiveness, justice and equality in international affairs. Russia initiates new ideas and projects, playing a key role in the development of such associations as BRICS, SCO and EAEU. The economic potential of the integration of the countries of the Global South is increasing. However, there are new challenges and threats that the member countries of the BRICS, EAEU and SCO associations face on their way to integration. Nevertheless, Asia, due to its demographic, economic, and technological advantages, is becoming the center of a new world order. The authors also highlighted further prospects for expanding integration processes both in the BRICS, SCO, and EAEU spaces, as well as between the member states of these associations. Research methodology. This study uses an integrated approach combining several methods to analyze the prospects for the integration of BRICS, SCO and EAEU in the context of the formation of a multipolar world: analysis of literature and documents, review of existing research; analysis of the regulatory framework; assessment of trade and economic indicators, assessment of the dynamics of trade turnover, investments and other economic indicators characterizing the interaction between the BRICS, SCO and EAEU member countries; comparison of macroeconomic indicators to assess the effectiveness of integration processes; content analysis of events and events, summits and meetings; study of the content of bilateral meetings of the leaders of the participating countries to determine priority areas of interaction. The work also uses expert assessments and opinions, as well as predictive analysis, trend extrapolation, and scenario analysis.

Shangaraev R.N., Ivochkina A.S. Russia, China, and Turkey Integration Processes in Central Asia. Sociopolitical Sciences. 2025. Vol. 15. No. 2. Pр. 146–152. (In Rus.). DOI: 10.33693/2223-0092-2025-15-2-146-152. EDN: OABBJN

Ivochkina A.S. Conceptual justification and sustainable pragmatism of the Central Asian vector of China’s foreign policy. Bulletin of International Scientists. 2023. No. 2 (24). Pp. 119–134. (In Rus.)
Ivochkina A.S. World experience of cross-border cooperation. In: Current problems of world politics through the prism of COVID-19. Collection of abstracts. 2021. Pp. 193–197.
Ivochkina A.S. Cross-border cooperation between Russia and Kazakhstan at the present stage. Bulletin of International Scientists. 2020. No. 4 (14). Pp. 28–39. (In Rus.)
Ivochkina A.S. The Belt and Road project in the implementation of China’s foreign policy in Central Asia. Socio-humanitarian Knowledge. 2023. No. 5. Pp. 127–130. (In Rus.)
Ivochkina A.S. The state and prospects of cross-border cooperation between Russia and Kazakhstan at the present stage. Socio-humanitarian Knowledge. 2019. No. 3. Pp. 179–184. (In Rus.)
Ivochkina A.S. Turkish-Chinese cooperation within the fra­mework of the New Silk Road Initiative. Diplomatic Service. 2023. No. 3. Pp. 197–206. (In Rus.). DOI: 10.33920/vne-01-2303-03. EDN: TXBFUR.
Ivochkina A.S. Security threats in Central Asia emanating from Afghanistan. Bulletin of International Scientists. 2023. No. 1 (23). Pp. 219–230. (In Rus.)
Ivochkina A.S., Shangaraev R.N. The influence of Western countries on the development of cross-border cooperation between Russia and the Caspian littoral states. Questions of Political Science. 2019. Vol. 9. No. 3 (43). Pp. 512–518. (In Rus.)
Ivochkina A.S., Shangaraev R.N., Nogmova A.Sh. Conceptual foundations of full-scale Russian-Central Asian cooperation within the framework of a multi-vector policy. Bulletin of International Scientists. 2024. No. 1 (27). Pp. 47–65. (In Rus.). EDN: LOYQYG.
Karpovich O.G., Shangaraev R.N. Central Asia in the context of modern geopolitics in the Eurasian space. Sociopolitical Sciences. 2021. Vol. 11. No. 6. Pp. 65–72. (In Rus.). DOI: 10.33693/2223-0092-2021-11-6-65-72. EDN: UPOCVH.
Nogmov A.M., Ivochkina A.S. The geopolitical aspects of interethnic relations in Kazakhstan at the present stage. Bulletin of International Scientists. 2023. No. 4 (26). Pp. 73–86. (In Rus.)
Nogmov A.M., Shangaraev R.N. The role of regional integration associations in ensuring stability and security in Central Asian countries. The Diplomatic Service. 2018. No. 3. Pp. 48–54. (In Rus.). EDN: YLJNRB.
Nogmova A.S. Forms and strategies of international cooperation in the border regions of the Russian Federation. Bulletin of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia. Russia and the World. 2018. No. 2 (16). Pp. 50–59. (In Rus.). EDN: UTYKGC.
Nogmova A.Sh., Ivochkina A.S. The idea of forming an army of Turkic states in modern Turkish foreign policy. The Diplomatic Service. 2024. No. 4. Pp. 363–372. (In Rus.)
Nogmova A.Sh., Ivochkina A.S. Cross-border cooperation between Russia and Kazakhstan in the context of Eurasian integration: Opportunities and prospects. International Legal Courier. 2018. No. 5 (29). Pp. 34–38. (In Rus.). EDN: BSEIAD.
Nogmova A.Sh., Ivochkina A.S. Theoretical foundations of cross-border cooperation. In: Current problems of international relations, international law and security. Moscow, 2021. Pp. 544–553.
Shangaraev R.N. “The Army of Turan” is Turkey’s project for the military integration of the Turkic world. Threats and prospects. The Observer. 2021. No. 7 (378). Pp. 70–84. (In Rus.). DOI: 10.48137/2074-2975_2021_7_70. EDN: ALEGRH.
Shangaraev R.N. Integration interaction of the Eurasian Economic Union and Turkey at the present stage. Bulletin of the Russian Customs Academy. 2017. No. 2. Pp. 36–41. (In Rus.). EDN: YTQITN.
Shangaraev R.N., Ivochkina A.S. Geostrategic prospects of Turkey in the Eurasian integration of Central Asian countries. Bulletin of International Scientists. 2024. No. 2 (28). Pp. 11–18. (In Rus.)
Shangaraev R.N., Ivochkina A.S. Features of the use of Turkey’s “soft power” in the post-Soviet space. Issues of National and Fede­ral Relations. 2023. Vol. 13. No. 9 (102). Pp. 3766–3782. (In Rus.)
Shangaraev R.N., Ivochkina A.S. Prospects for the imple­mentation of Turkey’s idea to create an army of Turkic states. Questions of Political Science. 2024. Vol. 14. No. 5 (105). Pp. 1768–1774. (In Rus.)
Shangaraev R.N., Ivochkina A.S. Central Asia in the geopolitical space of Eurasia. Issues of National and Federal Relations. 2023. Vol. 13. No. 11 (104). Pp. 4661–4669. (In Rus.)
Shangaraev R.N., Nogmova A.Sh., Ivochkina A.S. The rivalry of regional and extra-regional actors in Central Asia in the context of the concept of Eurasianism. Sociopolitical Sciences. 2024. Vol. 14. No. 2. Pp. 75–82. (In Rus.)
Shangaraev R.N., Yakhmenev P.A. Eurasian integration in the context of international relations turbulence. The Diplomatic Service. 2017. No. 4. Pp. 40–45. (In Rus.). EDN: YMCFJI.

Central Asia, geopolitical interests, Russia, China, Turkey, Eurasian integration, regional security, “One Belt, One Road”, pan-Turkism, EAEU.